Upstream and downstream industry review of IMU inertial sensors
Analyze the IMU industry from several aspects such as market status, application scenarios, industry chain composition, distribution of industry chain enterprises, and development trends.
MEMS IMU Industry Chain
The upstream of the IMU industry chain mainly includes several parts such as design, MEMS wafer manufacturing, packaging and testing. In terms of design, domestic enterprises have strong design and research capabilities in the field of accelerometers, and have many high-end products in single axis, two axis, and three-axis MEMS accelerometers for consumer electronics. MEMS IMUs are generally composed of accelerometers and gyroscopes, but in terms of MEMS gyroscopes, due to the greater design difficulty, there are relatively few domestic manufacturers that can launch high-performance civilian products.
In the upstream of the IMU industry chain, major domestic manufacturers include Mingxi Sensing, Silicon Ray Technology, Xindong Lianke, Meixin Semiconductor, Shendi Semiconductor, Mattel Electronics, Silan Microelectronics, etc. Among them, Meixin Semiconductor, Mattel Electronics, and Silan Microelectronics adopt IDM mode and have MEMS wafer manufacturing and packaging testing capabilities.
Most upstream MEMS IMU manufacturers overseas have IDM capabilities, including Bosch, ST, TDK, Honeywell, ADI, etc.
The downstream of the IMU industry chain mainly consists of system integrators, who purchase or produce sensor chips externally. This includes manufacturers that provide IMU/inertial navigation modules to downstream terminal applications, mainly in fields such as automotive and industrial applications. Domestic manufacturers include Daoyuan Electronics, Jingwei Hengrun, Meitai Electronics, Huayi Technology, Yuanji Technology, etc. In addition, MEMS IMUs are used in the field of consumer electronics, including smartphones, VR/AR, game controllers, drones, household robots, etc.
Mainstream MEMS IMU manufacturers' product lines
When organizing the MEMS IMU product lines of mainstream manufacturers, let's first understand the key parameters of IMU.
Measurement range and sensitivity: The measurement range refers to the maximum value of the forward and backward input angular velocity of the gyroscope; Sensitivity refers to the minimum incremental input angular rate that can be measured at a specified input angular rate. Generally speaking, when the ADC accuracy is constant, the larger the measurement range, the lower the sensitivity, and the product needs to be selected according to the application requirements. In an accelerometer, the range of acceleration amplitudes that can be measured is proportional to sensitivity, measured in grams (Earth's gravity).
Packaging error: The assembly accuracy of the gyroscope is relative to the direction error of gravity acceleration measured by the Z-axis accelerometer inside the chip, as well as the angle error between the die diagonal and the package diagonal.
Noise: When the gyroscope is in a zero input state, the output signal is a combination of white noise and a slowly varying random function. White noise can be represented by the angle random walk coefficient, which refers to the accumulated gyroscope output error coefficient over time generated by white noise.
Bandwidth: Refers to the frequency range within which a gyroscope can accurately measure input angular velocity. The larger the range, the stronger the gyroscope's dynamic response capability.
Resolution: Typically, the resolution of an accelerometer is only provided for digital output accelerometers or systems that incorporate analog-to-digital converters. Resolution is usually specified as bits and can then be used to calculate the resolution of acceleration units.
Temperature sensitivity: MEMS sensors are mechanical systems, and the material is affected by temperature, which can cause measurement results to deviate or affect sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary to define how the sensor sensitivity changes with temperature, generally expressed as a percentage offset per degree Celsius.
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